If you had to make a list of the hand tools most coveted by woodworkers, rasp and files probably wouldn’t make the top ten. Hand planes, chisels, and dovetail saws are much “sexier.” However, when it comes to shaping and smoothing any curved or contoured part, you’d be hard pressed to find a more suitable tool. No other tool gives you the same combination of fast wood removal and subtle control. Rasps and files aren’t tools you use every day, but in certain situations, they’re invaluable.
The difference between rasps and files is easy to understand. Files have low, tightly spaced cutting edges while rasps remove wood with individual, raised teeth. In practical terms, this means that rasps cut more aggressively and leave a rougher surface when compared to files.
It’s also one reason why rasps and files are best used as a team. The rasp does the initial coarse shaping while the file follows behind to smooth and refine the surface. And unlike using a spokeshave or chisel for shaping, there’s little chance of gouging and no risk of tearout.
Learning to use rasps and files isn’t difficult. For the best control, grip the tool with both hands — one on the handle or tang, the other near the tip. The tool is usually held skewed to the surface. The angle can depend on the surface you’re working — 45° is a good starting point. As with any cutting operation, working with the grain will leave a smoother surface. When you want to remove wood fast, cutting across the grain is more efficient. You’ll end up with a smoother surface if you cut downhill with the grain. And long strokes will help you achieve smooth, graceful contours. I use the flat face of the tool when working on outside curves and then switch to the rounded face for inside curves. A key to creating a pleasing contour is to work slowly and deliberately. Stop and check your progress often. Shaping wood with rasps and files can be a relaxing, unhurried way to get the job done.
